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00:00:35 #1 While masking high, Adolf Hitler stood just as Napoleon had stood more than a hundred years
00:01:37 #2 before and looked across the English Channel to the one fighting obstacle that stood between
00:01:44 #3 him and world domination.
00:01:47 #4 The chopped cliffs of Britain rose sheer and white out of the choppy waters and beyond
00:01:57 #5 a little island smaller than the state of Wyoming.
00:02:01 #6 that little island and its stubborn people and the way was open for world conquest.
00:02:06 #7 The fall of Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium,
00:02:16 #8 France had given him more than 100 million slaves to work for him or starve.
00:02:23 #9 The preliminaries were over. It was time for the main event, the Battle of Britain.
00:02:28 #10 Hitler and his generals feverishly drafted their plans for the conquest of Britain.
00:02:55 #11 Every detail must be anticipated.
00:02:57 #12 The slip now might wreck the whole timetable of world conquest.
00:03:01 #13 Six weeks of final preparation went into those plans.
00:03:05 #14 Six weeks to determine the history of a thousand years.
00:03:09 #15 The thing was foolproof.
00:03:11 #16 See for yourselves how simple the whole operation was to be.
00:03:14 #17 Look.
00:03:16 #18 German plan for invasion of England.
00:03:19 #19 Phase one. Knock out the Royal Air Force and its bases.
00:03:23 #20 Get control of the air and the sea lanes across the channel.
00:03:27 #21 Follow the blitz plan that had wiped out Poland, the low countries, and France.
00:03:32 #22 Destroy communication and transport lines. Above all, get command of the air.
00:03:39 #23 These two. Pulverize the coastline with dive bombers.
00:03:47 #24 Drop parachute troops to take over the airfields and establish beachheads.
00:03:53 #25 Actual invasion.
00:04:02 #26 pour the German Panzer divisions across in high-speed barges, under an umbrella
00:04:08 #27 protecting fighter planes, then send spearheads of armed might to divide,
00:04:16 #28 surround, destroy all opposition. That's all there was to it. Conquer Britain, force
00:04:30 #29 the surrender of the British fleet. Then with the combined sea power of Germany,
00:04:35 #30 Britain, Italy, France, and Japan, he could control the seas and tell us
00:04:42 #31 square to head in the torch of freedom flickered low on the channel invasion
00:04:54 #32 coasts more than a hundred fully equipped German divisions were singing the
00:04:57 #33 Nazi theme song we are sailing against England as they waited the word from
00:05:02 #34 Hitler for weeks all the supplies and weapons of the Nazi war machine had been
00:05:15 #35 turned toward Britain the jaws of the Nazi whale were set to swallow Jonah and
00:05:33 #36 What about Jonah? How was he doing?
00:05:37 #37 Well, Britain also had an army,
00:05:39 #38 but it was an army dragged from the sea at Guncurt.
00:05:44 #39 Army without weapons.
00:06:05 #40 These had been left behind on the roads of France. Tanks.
00:06:10 #41 Guns.
00:06:13 #42 Motorized equipment.
00:06:16 #43 All abandoned to save the one priceless item. Men.
00:06:26 #44 In all of Britain, there was not enough equipment
00:06:28 #45 for one modern division.
00:06:30 #46 Only one tank for every thousand square miles of territory.
00:06:34 #47 Only one machine gun for every 1500 yards of beach.
00:06:38 #48 Britain had a navy too, but it was scattered all over the globe,
00:06:44 #49 guarding vital food and supply lines.
00:06:47 #50 And the British knew it would be suicide to use their fleet in the narrow waters of the English Channel,
00:06:54 #51 with the German Air Force in control of the air.
00:06:57 #52 Britain also had an Air Force.
00:07:02 #53 An air force outnumbered ten to one by the enemy, both in men and machines.
00:07:08 #54 And then there was Britain herself, the people of Britain.
00:07:13 #55 The people who were to be terrorized and forced to surrender.
00:07:17 #56 They knew that every man, woman and child in uniform or out
00:07:21 #57 would be Hitler's target in the onslaught that might come at any moment.
00:07:25 #58 They knew they had a job to do and not much time to do it in.
00:07:29 #59 do it in the young the not so young and the old the butcher the farmer the member
00:07:40 #60 of parliament they formed the civilian army Britain's home guard they started
00:07:45 #61 from scratch experience supplies all were scarce only one shell to fire at each
00:08:04 #62 practice the women of Britain refused to be left out you'll put up the barrage
00:08:17 #63 and the AK guns. We'll run the railroads and get the trains through on time.
00:08:32 #64 Carry the planes. Carry the dispatchers. Drive the ambulances and run the buses.
00:08:46 #65 And we'll see that our men are fed and don't go hungry.
00:08:50 #66 Others work. Men and women alike. They work full time.
00:09:10 #67 Overtime. Double time. 40 hours a week. 50.
00:09:17 #68 50, 60, 70, hours meant nothing.
00:09:26 #69 Fatigue meant nothing, until the government forced them to cut down hours because over fatigue was urgent production.
00:09:36 #70 And when they weren't working, the men patrolled the moors for parachutes, blocked the roads,
00:09:56 #71 rehearsed invasion defenses. For something had happened here that Germans could never understand.
00:10:07 #72 In a democracy, it is not the government that makes war.
00:10:11 #73 It is the people.
00:10:12 #74 Them, the people had chosen Winston Churchill as their prime minister.
00:10:28 #75 And he spoke the words in every British heart when he said,
00:10:33 #76 We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be.
00:10:39 #77 We shall fight on beaches, landing grounds, in fields, in streets,
00:10:47 #78 And on the hills, we shall never surrender.
00:10:53 #79 This was Britain in its darkest hour.
00:10:56 #80 The people knew they were in for the worst the Nazi mind could invent,
00:11:00 #81 yet they didn't panic or run away.
00:11:03 #82 They patrolled and waited.
00:11:06 #83 They drilled and waited.
00:11:08 #84 They worked and waited.
00:11:10 #85 Waited for the terror they knew was coming.
00:11:13 #86 Then it came.
00:11:18 #87 That's the sound that became part of the life of every man woman and child in Britain.
00:11:31 #88 It's 8th 1940 and the battle for Britain is on.
00:11:40 #89 30 enemy airsoft over the canal flying due west.
00:11:44 #90 Here comes the Luftwaffe.
00:11:56 #91 In dozens of flights, hundreds of planes, bombers, fighters, dive bombers.
00:12:06 #92 Across that 21 miles of channel, that eight short minutes of water.
00:12:12 #93 Their first tactics were to bomb convoys in the channel.
00:12:16 #94 Convoys loaded with food and munitions,
00:12:18 #95 found for the Great Port of London.
00:12:20 #96 And fighters waited overhead
00:12:57 #97 for the defending planes of the Royal Air Force,
00:12:59 #98 the RAF, to appear.
00:13:02 #99 They didn't have long to wait.
00:13:04 #100 The RAF came, facing odds of 6, 8, 10 to 1,
00:13:54 #101 and dove in, shouting the old hunting cry,
00:13:57 #102 Tally Ho!
00:13:59 #103 Phase one of the Nazi plan called for the RAF to be knocked out of the air.
00:14:32 #104 But the men of the RAF hadn't read the Nazi plan.
00:15:04 #105 In the first four days, the RAF knocked 182 German planes out of the sky.
00:15:14 #106 For the next week, the Germans attacked the coast cities from the Thames River to Weyman,
00:15:18 #107 off with 180 more planes.
00:16:20 #108 Then the Luftwaffe battered the great port towns of Southampton, Plymouth.
00:16:25 #109 Trying for a knockout before the flow of supplies from overseas, the ports took a terrible pounding.
00:16:34 #110 But they couldn't be knocked out. Cargos went on being unloaded with the protection of the RAF overhead.
00:16:41 #111 Battling the spitfires and hurricanes in the air wasn't panning out.
00:16:46 #112 So, Göring switched his main attacks to the fighter airfields, Dover, Deal, Hawking.
00:16:52 #113 Maybe he could destroy the planes on the ground.
00:16:56 #114 He bombed the airfields and the fields were hit, but the planes were saved.
00:17:02 #115 For Britain, unlike Poland and the low countries, didn't make the mistake of bunching its planes on the runways.
00:17:09 #116 The planes of the RAF were scattered and hidden, only a few on any one field and those in the far corners.
00:17:16 #117 The Spitfires still went up to meet the enemy.
00:17:20 #118 The first 10 days of the Battle of Britain, Gehring launched 26 major attacks to get command of the air and lost 697 aircraft.
00:17:31 #119 The British lost 153 and 60 British pilots bailed out.
00:17:37 #120 The noble trained men were saved and ready to fight again, but the crews of Gehring's planes were lost to him forever.
00:18:15 #121 The pace was too hot. Something was going haywire.
00:18:28 #122 The Nazis had to call timeout.
00:18:31 #123 On a 2,000 mile front from Norway to France, the whole Nazi Blitz program was being stalled
00:18:38 #124 because the RAF was still in the air.
00:18:41 #125 The shock troops were getting hoarse from singing,
00:18:44 #126 We are sailing against England.
00:18:46 #127 The German guns were getting hot from throwing shells across the channel.
00:18:59 #128 In public, Hitler assured the Germans, Mr. Churchill tells his people that England will win, but I tell you that victory will belong to Germany.
00:19:14 #129 But in private, he sent for Gehring, the boss of the Luftwaffe, and put him on the hot seat.
00:19:23 #130 Gehring was told to do something and do it quick.
00:19:26 #131 So on August 30th, he ordered all out attacks on inland air drones and industrial centers.
00:19:34 #132 centers. Maybe he could knock out the RAF on the assembly line. And he adopted new
00:19:41 #133 tactics too. More fighters and fewer bombers. Or maybe he just had fewer
00:19:48 #134 bombers to send. Anyway, those he did send were well protected. Fighters above
00:19:54 #135 at high altitudes. Fighters on both sides. Fighters in the front and in the
00:19:59 #136 rear. Fighters weaving in and out of the bomber formations. The winner of
00:20:07 #137 The first round was ready with higher morale and sharper defense.
00:20:13 #138 Improved listening posts were set up all along the coast and warned of the enemy's approach before he left the continent.
00:20:21 #139 Quick flash from the control station to the fighter station.
00:20:25 #140 And pilots were on their way to meet the enemy while he was still over the channel.
00:20:34 #141 Day after day, out of sight, and almost out of sound of the watches on the clips.
00:20:39 #142 Four, five, and six miles above, the battles raged over the Dover area.
00:20:44 #143 The Dover area became known as Hell's Corner.
00:20:53 #144 By sheer weight of numbers, the enemy again and again broke through the coastal defenses
00:20:58 #145 and reached inland to the air drop.
00:21:12 #146 Aircraft plants, munition factories and machine shops.
00:21:19 #147 I'll gunfire in the southeast.
00:21:30 #148 Right.
00:21:31 #149 But the workers kept on working and the RAF kept on flying.
00:22:16 #150 These few men with wings alone in the sky, behind their motors and machine guns,
00:22:22 #151 were shooting down more than the Luftwaffe.
00:22:25 #152 They were smashing the whole Nazi plan of world conquest.
00:22:35 #153 Good claims, Johnny.
00:22:52 #154 Uh, a 109 destroyed, buddy. Yes.
00:22:55 #155 Oh, good show.
00:22:56 #156 Get on, sir.
00:22:59 #157 Oh, I had a wonderful party, thanks.
00:23:01 #158 Are you all right? You getting any of the battles?
00:23:06 #159 Yes, I got a measurement 109 in Adornier.
00:23:09 #160 Between August 24th and September 5th, 35 major attacks were launched.
00:23:15 #161 They cost the Germans 562 planes, while the British lost only 219 planes and saved 132 pilots.
00:23:26 #162 Invasion plans were going completely haywire.
00:23:30 #163 The Nazis were blind with rage.
00:23:34 #164 The German mind has never understood why free people fight on against overwhelming odds.
00:23:41 #165 Hitler now knew he was superior in every weapon except the weapon of spirit.
00:23:46 #166 So he told Gehring, break that spirit, crush the people, crush the spirit of democratic life itself.
00:23:53 #167 Invasion now would have to wait.
00:23:56 #168 The Nazis would avoid the RAF and smash the great city of London into the rubble heat they had made of Warsaw and Rotterdam.
00:24:04 #169 Rotterdam.
00:24:05 #170 Could London take it?
00:24:07 #171 Even the people themselves didn't know the answer.
00:24:11 #172 The defenses they trusted in were London's hastily assembled anti-aircraft, the ACAC
00:24:15 #173 guns, the balloon barrage which kept the raiders at high altitudes, air force now down to its
00:24:24 #174 last reserves, and the plain downright guts of people.
00:24:28 #175 They set more children out of the city, tightened air raid precautions, stationed
00:24:51 #176 more aeroplane spotter. Rehearsed fire fighters.
00:24:56 #177 Moved into bombshell. They blacked out their city and carried on.
00:25:04 #178 First blow aimed to crush the British spirit came on September 7th.
00:25:36 #179 Control room speaking. Customs and staff will now take cover in the basement.
00:25:41 #180 Please do not run, but keep moving.
00:25:42 #181 Keep down the stairs or you'll lose this.
00:25:44 #182 Good floor, clear.
00:25:53 #183 Second floor, clear.
00:25:55 #184 First floor, clear.
00:25:59 #185 That day when 375 German planes came roaring up the Thames River,
00:26:04 #186 the Battle of Britain became the Battle of London.
00:26:08 #187 The Germans broke through the charge of hurricanes and spitfires that went out to meet them.
00:26:13 #188 The gun was any pretense of aiming military objectives.
00:26:26 #189 This just savage destruction.
00:26:28 #190 Arms fell alike on the homes of the East Inde poor and the Mayfair rich.
00:27:11 #191 on shops, hospitals, churches.
00:27:21 #192 For 28 days, the matches were to drop everything in the book on the city of London.
00:27:29 #193 Tons upon tons of high explosives.
00:27:32 #194 Delayed action bombs that exploded days later.
00:27:36 #195 Torpedoes that sheared away whole buildings.
00:27:40 #196 And underneath the war in the air, the war of the man in the street went on.
00:27:45 #197 He learned to exist with very little food.
00:27:56 #198 He forgot what it meant to have a night's sleep.
00:27:58 #199 Spending most of his time underground in the damp and dark and cold.
00:28:02 #200 You're here early tonight.
00:28:06 #201 Well, I'm on the same side, aren't I?
00:28:08 #202 I think that'll be all right now.
00:28:09 #203 Yes, it's grand.
00:28:10 #204 Anyway, I'll be back in a few minutes if you want.
00:28:12 #205 Now, how are we going to get you up there?
00:28:14 #206 Get a young man to lift you up.
00:28:16 #207 Sonny?
00:28:17 #208 Hello.
00:28:18 #209 How is young lady and lift up?
00:28:20 #210 Well, no, I'm fine.
00:28:21 #211 Stay to bed post.
00:28:31 #212 Doctors and nurses worked on steadily as the bombs crashed all around.
00:28:36 #213 Rescue squads labored night and day.
00:28:41 #214 Firemen said, nuts to the bomb.
00:28:58 #215 Then battled to put out fires.
00:29:00 #216 This was life in the blitz.
00:29:03 #217 Against all the rules of Nazi warfare,
00:29:08 #218 Britain was refusing to truffle up.
00:29:11 #219 Across the channel, the enraged gearing took personal command of the operations.
00:29:18 #220 And on September 15th, he sent the Luftwaffe into one of its greatest attacks.
00:29:30 #221 500 German bombers and Messerschmitt fighters roared over the English coast.
00:29:55 #222 The planes heard three miles southwest.
00:30:00 #223 Yeah, for hostile planes approaching from southwest.
00:30:05 #224 The British met the challenge by throwing in everything they had.
00:30:09 #225 An historic three-dimensional battle took place inside an area 60 miles long, 38 broad,
00:30:28 #226 and from five to six miles high.
00:30:31 #227 200 individual dogfights took place within the first 30 minutes of the raid.
00:31:00 #228 I'm your servant.
00:31:19 #229 What is that?
00:31:21 #230 All in London 1.
00:31:51 #231 Thank you, centre. We'll keep a lookout for them.
00:31:54 #232 Hostile formation to the south.
00:31:56 #233 Some of the German bombers broke through London's defences, reached the centre of the city.
00:32:09 #234 Oh, the tenets? Okay.
00:32:30 #235 Blimey, I thought they'd got you.
00:33:05 #236 Who me? Nah, I had me fingers crossed.
00:33:08 #237 The Ministry of Communicator, the biggest bag yet, 185 enemy aircraft shot down.
00:33:43 #238 End of message.
00:33:45 #239 Of the 500 German planes that came over that day, more than one third were shot down.
00:33:51 #240 In the 28 days of terror from September 7th to October 5th, the Nazis dropped 50 million pounds of bombs on the city,
00:33:59 #241 killed 7,000 helpless civilians, and wounded 10,000 more.
00:34:03 #242 more. Bombs fell on Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, the houses of Parliament, Fleet Street,
00:34:24 #243 the centre of the news, St. Paul's Cathedral, bombs blasting the historic past out of the
00:34:37 #244 lives of Englishmen. In these 28 days, the Nazis lost 900 planes in their crews. The
00:34:49 #245 more they sent over, the more were shot down. The British Spitfire had proved to be
00:34:54 #246 one of the deadliest weapons ever put in the hands of man. If this kept up, pretty
00:34:59 #247 no more Luftwaffe.
00:35:01 #248 The frantic Nazis had to pull a new one.
00:35:04 #249 They did.
00:35:08 #250 On October 6th, they changed to night attacks.
00:35:12 #251 Maybe that way they could avoid those deadly spitfires and hurricanes.
00:35:17 #252 Maybe that way they could crush the stubborn British spirit.
00:35:21 #253 Never mind control of the air.
00:35:23 #254 Never mind Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3.
00:35:28 #255 Now to concentrate on bombing the people themselves into submission and make them cry for mercy.
00:35:35 #256 F wasn't much help at night. This was just German bombs against British guts.
00:36:37 #257 Harvey? How did ya?
00:36:45 #258 Sound happy enough down there tonight, didn't I?
00:36:48 #259 Yes, that alright.
00:36:56 #260 Docks of London were left roaring in fur-nose.
00:36:59 #261 Homes were destroyed by incendiaries.
00:37:05 #262 Business blocks were aflame.
00:37:09 #263 Still the people of London took it.
00:37:13 #264 Night after night they burred underground.
00:37:16 #265 And morning after morning they dug themselves out of the wreckage.
00:37:20 #266 That's right, here. Point it down. Thanks.
00:37:40 #267 Morning, Miss Ron. Sleep well?
00:37:42 #268 Fine, thanks. What's it according to night?
00:37:44 #269 What about the one that came down about two?
00:37:46 #270 No, I didn't tear it. Did you? No.
00:37:49 #271 Oh, we're getting used to them around here.
00:37:51 #272 You'd better go away from this for a bit.
00:38:25 #273 Of course not.
00:38:26 #274 They take more than this to get me out of my home.
00:38:28 #275 Now go on, you've got to get to work.
00:38:30 #276 The battle of London was the battle of the people of the city.
00:38:37 #277 In spite of bombs and fire and death, they got to their desks and work benches to spend another 10 or 12 hours working, working, working.
00:38:49 #278 The British spirit was stronger than ever.
00:38:52 #279 The RAF was flying higher than ever. Not only higher, but farther.
00:38:59 #280 SIO, operation for the night.
00:39:02 #281 GP 1562.
00:39:06 #282 EP 781.
00:39:09 #283 Ten aircraft.
00:39:12 #284 You'll find, I think, a decent photograph of the submarine yards there.
00:39:15 #285 It was a very good one to take in the other night, Monday.
00:39:18 #286 Well, that's it. That's those are the submarine yards.
00:39:25 #287 There. Yes.
00:39:27 #288 Well, Captain, this is your target for tonight.
00:39:29 #289 It's the submarine and shipbuilding yards at Bremman.
00:39:32 #290 It's a vitally important target.
00:39:35 #291 And it's got to be hit hard.
00:39:37 #292 In the midst of this life-and-death struggle,
00:39:40 #293 the British found strength not only to defend,
00:39:42 #294 but to counterattack with what few bombers they could get together.
00:39:46 #295 I'm okay, Skipper.
00:40:21 #296 Hello, operator. Everything okay?
00:40:24 #297 Well, it seems to be all here, sir.
00:40:26 #298 Stand by. I'm going in a glide.
00:41:06 #299 Who's I with the last one?
00:41:40 #300 RAF-decoried night gangsters.
00:41:54 #301 For this crime, I will exact a thousand-fold revenge.
00:41:57 #302 The German night bombers were put into the air.
00:42:02 #303 A thousand-fold revenge was Coventry.
00:42:39 #304 On the night of November 14,
00:42:43 #305 a million pounds of bombs were dropped around the city.
00:42:46 #306 Coventry was smashed to splatters Warsaw and Rotterdam.
00:42:56 #307 The people of Coventry dug their loved ones over the blasted ruin,
00:43:43 #308 saw them to their last resting place in a common grave.
00:43:47 #309 Hitler could kill them, but damned if he could lick them.
00:44:35 #310 They went back to their laves and machines,
00:44:38 #311 for they knew the machine bench was as deadly a weapon as the rifle,
00:44:42 #312 and in their hearts was a grim determination that this enemy must be destroyed.
00:44:48 #313 that the day was coming when they would strike back and how they would strike back.
00:44:55 #314 Christmas 1940. Season of peace on earth, goodwill toward men.
00:45:46 #315 Was the ironic quiet before Hitler's great burst of rage against a people who couldn't be licked.
00:45:52 #316 He couldn't bomb them into submission. So he would burn them to ashes.
00:46:18 #317 Millions of fire bombs rained down on the great city of London.
00:46:33 #318 A matter of minutes, more than 1500 different sections of the city burst into roaring flames.
00:46:55 #319 Flames that swiftly merged into the greatest fire in recorded history.
00:47:16 #320 In the midst of all the fire and destruction, vital water mains were shattered.
00:47:20 #321 Water pressure was almost entirely cut off.
00:47:23 #322 Heroes of the night were men of the London Fire Brigade,
00:47:28 #323 who stretched temporary hose lines out to the centre of the Thames River,
00:47:32 #324 struggling through mud and slime.
00:47:35 #325 For the Nazis had carefully picked a night on which the Thames River had one of the lowest
00:47:40 #326 ed tides on record.
00:47:50 #327 While London burned above them, the people of the city held on.
00:47:55 #328 Chin up and thumbs up.
00:47:58 #329 They knew this was the people's war.
00:48:02 #330 And they were the people.
00:48:09 #331 And a people that couldn't be panicked, couldn't be beaten.
00:48:25 #332 In the months to come, the British were to suffer many such bombings and burnings.
00:48:30 #333 But a nation that calls on cold courage when hot courage runs thin may die, but it can't
00:48:37 #334 be defeated.
00:48:38 #335 The Battle of Britain was won, but not by Hitler.
00:49:23 #336 Hitler had lost the battle.
00:49:25 #337 He had lost 2,375 German planes and their crews.
00:49:32 #338 For the first time, it was the Germans who ate the bitter dirt of defeat.
00:49:36 #339 The gong was the legend of their invincibility.
00:49:40 #340 For a solid year, the Nazis struck Britain with all their might.
00:49:44 #341 They leveled thousands upon thousands of homes
00:49:47 #342 and damaged millions of others.
00:49:49 #343 They killed more than 40,000 men, women, and children
00:49:53 #344 and seriously wounded 50,000 more.
00:49:59 #345 But not one single Nazi soldier set foot on British soil.
00:50:07 #346 But Hitler couldn't stop.
00:50:09 #347 And in our next film, we will show how he had to turn
00:50:11 #348 east again. Why did the Nazis lose the Battle of Britain? Because a regimented people met
00:50:20 #349 an equally determined free people and the free people made them quit cold.
00:50:25 #350 We've been bombed, dive bombed, high level bombed, machine gunned, been through two
00:50:35 #351 invasion scares. The last lot we had, we had the house down about our ears. But we are
00:50:41 #352 We're still sticking it, and we're going to stick it.
00:50:46 #353 Second, because this was a new kind of war,
00:50:50 #354 and the RAF were the men who could fight it.
00:50:53 #355 These were the men who belonged to what Hitler called
00:50:56 #356 those weak, soft democracies.
00:51:00 #357 The British did more than save their country.
00:51:03 #358 They won for the world a year of precious time.
00:51:07 #359 It was not only for the people of Britain,
00:51:09 #360 but for the people of the world that Winston Churchill spoke
00:51:12 #361 when he said
00:51:14 #362 never
00:51:15 #363 in the field of human conflict
00:51:17 #364 was so much
00:51:19 #365 all by so many who soaked you