AI-made — please help correct faster-whisper small int8 + clean-pass
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00:00:22 #1 Corn is the symbol of a spirit that links the Americas in a common bond of union and solidarity.
00:00:30 #2 The exact ancestry of corn is a matter of doubt.
00:00:33 #3 Corn as we know it today could not have existed in the wild.
00:00:38 #4 Many scientists believe that it developed from Teo Sinti, which has a tassel like corn, but
00:00:45 #5 unlike corn, the ears grow in clusters and are composed of a few kernels arranged
00:00:51 #6 end to end instead of growing on a cob. Others believe the ancestor of corn was a plant resembling
00:00:59 #7 modern gamma grass. This plant had several tassels which contained both male pollen and female seeds.
00:01:07 #8 The lower part of the tassel contained the female seeds shown in red, and the upper part
00:01:13 #9 contained the male pollen shown in yellow. In the course of evolution the tassels at the top
00:01:19 #10 produced only male pollen.
00:01:23 #11 The tassels on the branches only female seeds.
00:01:26 #12 These branches shortened, and their tassels
00:01:31 #13 were enclosed by husks.
00:01:34 #14 Later, the tassels developed into a crude ear.
00:01:40 #15 This early ancestor of corn grew on the sunny slopes
00:01:44 #16 of the High Cordilleras many centuries ago.
00:01:47 #17 Its glistening pods went unnoticed by the roving hunter,
00:01:51 #18 But he was intent only on his search for game.
00:02:08 #19 The Indian lived on what he could kill.
00:02:11 #20 To eat and sleep was all that he asked.
00:02:14 #21 As long as game was plentiful, he lived well.
00:02:17 #22 But there were times when game grew scarce.
00:02:20 #23 The search for food drove him far and wide.
00:02:25 #24 Weiried and hungry, he resorted to eating roots.
00:02:29 #25 But that was not enough.
00:02:31 #26 It was then that the waving tassels of grain drew his eye.
00:02:39 #27 He had now found a practical solution to his food problem.
00:02:43 #28 And so through his discovery of corn,
00:02:46 #29 the civilization of the Americas began.
00:02:50 #30 To the crude clamshell hole, he dug the earth,
00:02:53 #31 planted his very best kernels.
00:02:56 #32 And offering to the corn gods was made
00:02:59 #33 to ensure an abundant crop.
00:03:02 #34 At every harvest, he selected his finest ears for seed
00:03:06 #35 and blessed them in the sacred waters of salt, which
00:03:10 #36 he believed improved its growth.
00:03:13 #37 Because corn was so vital to his existence,
00:03:16 #38 he erected great temples to the corn gods.
00:03:20 #39 The civilization of the Mayors was built around the growth
00:03:23 #40 and worship of corn.
00:03:29 #41 Yom Kosh was the green god, patron of growing corn.
00:03:34 #42 An amazing calendar was developed by the Maya
00:03:37 #43 to chart his planting and harvesting.
00:03:40 #44 To the gods who held the four corners of the earth,
00:03:43 #45 this symbol for planting was dedicated.
00:03:46 #46 The Maya planted four grains to the hill.
00:03:49 #47 And today, many farmers still plant four seeds to the hill.
00:03:54 #48 One for the blackbird, one for the crow,
00:03:56 #49 one for the cut worm, and one to grow.
00:03:59 #50 A few centuries later, the Aztecs rose to power.
00:04:05 #51 Their great civilization too was built on corn.
00:04:09 #52 Sintioto was their corn goddess.
00:04:12 #53 But Liqueway was Mother Earth.
00:04:14 #54 Human lives were sacrificed to her that their blood might increase her fertility.
00:04:21 #55 In the Andes existed one of the greatest civilizations of the ages, the Incas.
00:04:26 #56 They farmed in terraces far off the steep mountain sides.
00:04:30 #57 They worshiped the sun god on whose bounty they depended for their precious corn.
00:04:41 #58 They developed corn with giant kernels three times regular size.
00:04:49 #59 Corn migrated into the Argentine, Brazil, across the Rio Grande, far north into Canada.
00:04:57 #60 Corn was carried to Europe by the Conquistadoris, to North Africa by the Barbary pirates.
00:05:03 #61 Corn is grown along the Danube, the Nile, in South Africa, India, China,
00:05:08 #62 a vital force in the economic life of the world.
00:05:13 #63 Corn is our heritage from the Indian.
00:05:16 #64 From its golden kernels we make tortillas, enchiladas, tamales.
00:05:21 #65 He gave us cornbread, hominy, succotage, corn mush, four runners of cornflakes.
00:05:28 #66 He taught us the joys of eating popcorn and roasting ears.
00:05:33 #67 From the Indian we learned to ferment corn.
00:05:36 #68 The skill and patience of this early ancestor created a new civilization.
00:05:43 #69 To him we owe much.
00:05:45 #70 Today we plow a dozen furrows at a time.
00:05:48 #71 Plant many acres in a day.
00:05:50 #72 Pick and husk by machines.
00:05:53 #73 We do in 15 hours what the early Maya required 500 to do.
00:05:59 #74 Much has been learned about corn, the most important of which is inbreeding.
00:06:05 #75 Now to accomplish this, a paper sack is slipped over the tassel.
00:06:09 #76 Then transparent bags are placed over the ear shoots before the silks emerge to prevent pollinization from other plants.
00:06:18 #77 When the silks are out and the tassel is shedding, pollen is released into the sack covering the tassel.
00:06:26 #78 Now the bag is removed from the ear chute and the sac containing pollen is slipped over the ear.
00:06:35 #79 In this way the silks are fertilized with pollen from the same plant. This is known as inbreeding.
00:06:42 #80 After each generation of inbreeding, the resulting seeds produce smaller corn until a pure strain is reached and sizes remain fixed.
00:06:52 #81 This may seem odd to deliberately produce smaller plants, but just wait.
00:06:57 #82 We'll see what happens when two unrelated inbred strains are joined in wedlock.
00:07:11 #83 My, my, what a child!
00:07:13 #84 Stronger stalks and increased yield, making better seed corn for bigger crops.
00:07:19 #85 Of the total production of corn in the United States, 75% goes for feeding livestock.
00:07:25 #86 cattle, sheep, horses, mules, and hogs.
00:07:31 #87 More hogs make more little pigs,
00:07:33 #88 and more pigs make more little sausages and vice versa.
00:07:37 #89 Corn increases the cream content, builds up little calves.
00:07:43 #90 Circus corn fattens the feeder from the reins
00:07:46 #91 more economically than any other crop,
00:07:48 #92 converting him into choicest beef.
00:07:52 #93 And they love it too.
00:07:54 #94 Just watch.
00:08:17 #95 Yes, sir, corn has what it takes.
00:08:21 #96 And now comes the chemist,
00:08:23 #97 who has discovered and developed many products from corn.
00:08:27 #98 The kernel consists of two main parts,
00:08:30 #99 the endosperm and the germ,
00:08:33 #100 from which oil is extracted,
00:08:35 #101 furnishing salad oil for your table,
00:08:38 #102 cooking oil for your kitchen.
00:08:40 #103 From the endosperm,
00:08:41 #104 the chief product obtained is starch,
00:08:45 #105 starch used in making ice cream, pudding, pies like mother used to make.
00:08:51 #106 And starch that stiffens your shirt.
00:08:54 #107 Starch makes sizing for texture.
00:08:57 #108 Paste for the bill poster and mucilage for postage stains.
00:09:01 #109 From starch comes glucose, rich golden syrup, for cornbread,
00:09:06 #110 griddle cakes, jams, preserves.
00:09:10 #111 In surgery, glucose replaces sugars lost from the blood.
00:09:14 #112 starch makes sugar a sweet tooth of the corn quick energy as candy it's the body
00:09:21 #113 and flavor of your soft drink the boost in your beer corn sugar is one of nature's
00:09:27 #114 most easily assimilated foods doctors prescribe it babies cry for it as science
00:09:36 #115 scans the glass of the future it sees new vital uses for corn alcohols for
00:09:42 #116 for power fuels, high explosives, tires from corn,
00:09:47 #117 fabric for parachutes, better than silk, plastics,
00:09:50 #118 tougher than steel, or cars, or tanks, men of wars,
00:09:55 #119 ships of peace, farm machines, and streamlined trains,
00:10:00 #120 and buildings of the future of plastics.
00:10:04 #121 Monuments to corn.
00:10:07 #122 It's a far cry from those primitive days
00:10:10 #123 when the waving grain attracted the roving hunter, little did he realize the store of riches they contain.
00:10:18 #124 The botanist called it Zea Maze, that which sustains the mayers.
00:10:23 #125 How much more truly might we say today, that which sustains the world?