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00:00:38 #1 I'm James Faderman.
00:00:40 #2 On this program and on the six which follow,
00:00:43 #3 we'll be exploring the world of drug,
00:00:45 #4 the complex issues raised by drugs in our society,
00:00:49 #5 and particularly the rising concern with drug use
00:00:52 #6 among children in elementary and junior high schools.
00:00:56 #7 Now you may say, this doesn't concern me,
00:00:59 #8 or my children, or my community,
00:01:01 #9 but this is less and less true.
00:01:04 #10 We found that if you ask any child in this age range,
00:01:08 #11 do you know other children who are using drugs?
00:01:12 #12 The answer is usually yes.
00:01:14 #13 This was not true several years ago.
00:01:17 #14 The change has been sudden, swift, and dramatic.
00:01:21 #15 Now there are a host of attitudes, points of view,
00:01:24 #16 and information that we're all exposed to on this subject.
00:01:28 #17 Some confuses us.
00:01:30 #18 Some allows us to become complacent.
00:01:32 #19 Some disturbs us.
00:01:34 #20 Some is illuminating.
00:01:36 #21 School children hear them all and must make decisions.
00:01:40 #22 Well, I think that there are actually two ways in which
00:01:46 #23 amphetamines, in particular, may be misused or abused.
00:01:52 #24 Perhaps the largest single group of drug abusers or misusers
00:01:58 #25 are housewives and truck drivers and professional people
00:02:01 #26 who use amphetamines for reasons other than weight loss
00:02:07 #27 or as anti-depressants or treatment in our epilepsy.
00:02:15 #28 But the other thing that comes very clear
00:02:17 #29 is that most people are involved in the drug scene
00:02:19 #30 because of their own head problems,
00:02:21 #31 not because of the world.
00:03:05 #32 Now wait a minute, you know my baby
00:03:13 #33 she won't let me in for this
00:03:20 #34 I'm gonna buy myself a ball of gin
00:03:22 #35 And kids aren't stupid.
00:03:23 #36 They really know where to get drugs.
00:03:25 #37 And I feel it's easier to find, to get acid or speed or something that it is to buy bubble
00:03:43 #38 gum in a store because you have to wait in line.
00:03:46 #39 There is a relationship between the use of marijuana and the eventual use of heroin,
00:04:14 #40 apparently.
00:04:15 #41 I don't think it's a cause of relationship.
00:04:17 #42 And this is not the reason why marijuana or cannabis is so important.
00:04:21 #43 And this is not the reason why marijuana or cannabis, a Tiva is in our statutes as a dangerous substance or as an narcotic or anything else
00:04:29 #44 It is a dangerous substance all by itself
00:04:32 #45 We have found here in our area that one of the most effective approaches to young people
00:04:39 #46 is to
00:04:41 #47 chat with them about
00:04:45 #48 What kind of a person are we when
00:04:48 #49 And the only way we can get kicks, and the only way we can have a meaningful party,
00:04:55 #50 the only way we can get pressures off our backs, and the only way we can cope with situations is through a chemical.
00:05:04 #51 Then we're not really much of a person.
00:05:07 #52 I'm sick of you crying and moaning and sighing in spite of my crying to be a good wife.
00:05:11 #53 My wash is a bribe by baking the vices, like either the whitest you've seen in your life,
00:05:15 #54 by energies draining from all of this draining your home, it's complaining it's licking the knife.
00:05:20 #55 Maybe I'm being a little fastidious, sorry I said that I'm married with that.
00:05:24 #56 I could have said horrible maybe you're hideous, but if I did you would probably get mad.
00:05:28 #57 He's being that spotic.
00:05:30 #58 She doesn't make sense.
00:05:32 #59 I'm feeling erotic.
00:05:34 #60 I'm terribly tense.
00:05:36 #61 I'm being rejected.
00:05:38 #62 I'm always respected.
00:05:39 #63 What is complete?
00:05:40 #64 She makes the mistake.
00:05:41 #65 I'll go home to mother.
00:05:42 #66 And find me another.
00:05:43 #67 What's happy I am?
00:05:44 #68 Did I say you're a fake?
00:05:45 #69 I'm here to make a mistake.
00:05:47 #70 And you're letting your figure go, figure go.
00:05:52 #71 And it's...
00:05:57 #72 Wait a minute.
00:05:58 #73 Don't let nervous tension make you fit to kill.
00:06:01 #74 Take that little blue pill.
00:06:04 #75 I mean my pension is easy.
00:06:41 #76 I find her more pleasing.
00:06:42 #77 I'm losing my tension, my tension with a no longer,
00:06:46 #78 I'm maybe so happy, so merry, and happy, and so excited,
00:06:50 #79 So pleaded, pleaded, pleaded, pleaded, pleaded, pleaded,
00:06:52 #80 Please don't forget me, if no one else was there,
00:06:54 #81 That is not so big.
00:06:55 #82 Two after ten are you, be a waiteri,
00:07:02 #83 When you get up, six when you're fed up.
00:07:05 #84 Four when you're lazy, twelve when you're crazy,
00:07:08 #85 Crazy, crazy, crazy, crazy, crazy, crazy, crazy, crazy, crazy.
00:07:20 #86 It's stimulating, mind expanding, safer to use than alcohol.
00:07:26 #87 It's the in thing, the hula hoop of the jet generation,
00:07:31 #88 and as much a part of growing up
00:07:33 #89 as smoking corn silk behind the back fence.
00:07:37 #90 Such are the myths concerning marijuana.
00:07:40 #91 Myths that lull thousands of young people
00:07:43 #92 into experimenting with a noxious weed.
00:07:46 #93 The facts are otherwise.
00:07:49 #94 Marijuana is an intoxicating mind-muddling drug.
00:07:53 #95 Its use can lead to abnormal behavior,
00:07:56 #96 to psychological dependence, and to abuse of other drugs.
00:08:02 #97 The human brain, after all, is made for thinking,
00:08:05 #98 not fumigating.
00:08:07 #99 It's hardly a tinker toy for experimenting with drugs.
00:08:12 #100 This has been the public service message
00:08:14 #101 of the American Medical Association
00:08:15 #102 and your local station.
00:08:18 #103 I think it joints a little bit more strong than a martini because well some people in martini can really throw them flying but a joint usually always takes you, it gets you high and martini you just feel a little bit better.
00:08:35 #104 You don't really get the point where you can't drive a car or anything.
00:08:39 #105 A lot of doctors say they recommend like a glass of wine or a small drink when you come home to relax you but marijuana does a little more than just relax you I think.
00:08:46 #106 One joint wouldn't do all that much.
00:08:49 #107 And it's pretty powerful.
00:08:51 #108 But I think if you just wanted to relax a little bit,
00:08:54 #109 that's why a lot of people smoke.
00:08:56 #110 Just to relax themselves a little bit.
00:08:58 #111 I don't say if you're disgusted, go home and get stoned.
00:09:03 #112 That's not the idea.
00:09:05 #113 But I think some people drink socially, they call it.
00:09:09 #114 But I think a lot of adults drink just
00:09:11 #115 because drinks are going around.
00:09:14 #116 really not much different than the ages.
00:09:17 #117 I don't think so.
00:09:19 #118 Today's program, we'll look at the pervasive drug influences
00:09:22 #119 in today's America with comments
00:09:24 #120 by experts on aspects of the drug problem.
00:09:27 #121 Later programs will look at the role of drugs
00:09:30 #122 in other cultures and the pharmacology of specific drugs.
00:09:33 #123 We will see how children are exposed to drugs
00:09:36 #124 at an early age.
00:09:37 #125 We will observe a series of dialogues
00:09:39 #126 between teachers, children, and consultants.
00:09:44 #127 Two communities' responses to the issues will be presented.
00:09:48 #128 Finally, we will see children and adults working together
00:09:51 #129 to better understand each other and consider alternatives
00:09:54 #130 to drug experimentation.
00:09:57 #131 Let us begin now with a key statement
00:09:59 #132 by Dr. Joel Fort, former drug consultant
00:10:02 #133 to the World Health Organization,
00:10:04 #134 former director of the Counsel on Alcoholism
00:10:07 #135 for Alameda County, and presently
00:10:09 #136 lecture in the School of Social Welfare at the University of California at Berkeley.
00:10:13 #137 First of all we live in a drug ridden or drug saturated society where people are
00:10:18 #138 taught from infancy to use a wide variety of mind-altering drugs and older
00:10:25 #139 people like many younger people have conformed to the pressures the massive
00:10:31 #140 advertising and promotion and distribution of certain drugs the
00:10:35 #141 glorification of certain other drugs such as marijuana and LSD by the mass media, politicians
00:10:42 #142 and drug policemen, the desire to find or at least to seek escape relaxation, sometimes
00:10:52 #143 feeling with many people essentially not being able to feel anything, a sense of socializing
00:11:03 #144 with other people is certainly involved, going along with the crowd.
00:11:07 #145 Again, I think we're taught that we cannot have a good time,
00:11:11 #146 cannot find happiness or significance in life without depending on one
00:11:17 #147 or more mind-altering drugs.
00:11:19 #148 People don't have parties without drugs.
00:11:21 #149 The cocktail party, of course, being the most common group drug experience
00:11:26 #150 in American society.
00:11:28 #151 And they have accepted, in essence, I think as a summary
00:11:34 #152 answer to the question, the adult world
00:11:38 #153 and an increasing number of young people as well
00:11:41 #154 have accepted and are living the industrial slogan of better
00:11:44 #155 living through chemistry.
00:11:47 #156 A study by the Stanford Research Institute
00:11:50 #157 indicates that the average middle class home
00:11:52 #158 contains about 30 medications.
00:11:55 #159 Half of these are prescribed on the advice
00:11:57 #160 of medical doctors, most of the rest are self-prescribed,
00:12:00 #161 bought on the advice of friends, or through advertising.
00:12:04 #162 Pharmaceutical products are big business,
00:12:07 #163 about $8 billion worth in 1967.
00:12:10 #164 It is an industry that grows on vigorous research
00:12:13 #165 and new product development.
00:12:16 #166 Seven out of 10 prescriptions written today
00:12:18 #167 are for drugs that were unknown 15 years ago.
00:12:21 #168 Advertising is essential to the drug manufacturer.
00:12:25 #169 One major stream of advertising is to the 265,000 MDs
00:12:30 #170 who write prescriptions.
00:12:32 #171 Here is the accumulation of one week's mail
00:12:34 #172 to a psychiatrist, a gynecologist, and a pediatrician.
00:12:39 #173 MDs receive an average of 8,000 pieces of advertising, samples,
00:12:44 #174 and brochures a year.
00:12:46 #175 For the rest of us, advertising teaches, directs,
00:12:50 #176 and channels our uncertainties about illness, medication,
00:12:54 #177 and mood-changing drugs into specific products to buy.
00:13:01 #178 In the first version of this program,
00:13:03 #179 several television commercials were seen.
00:13:06 #180 One for a national brand of wine, one for a headache remedy,
00:13:10 #181 and one for a tablet good for headache, stomach upset,
00:13:13 #182 colds, et cetera.
00:13:15 #183 All of the companies involved later withdrew their permissions.
00:13:19 #184 In point of fact, all but one of the numerous companies
00:13:23 #185 we contacted were unwilling to have
00:13:25 #186 their commercials viewed in the context of this program. Many told us that they felt
00:13:30 #187 it was inappropriate to have their products seen as part of a drug-using culture. It is
00:13:35 #188 clear, however, that some drug advertisers describe their products in such glowing terms
00:13:42 #189 that our children begin to associate adult drug use with magical properties of mood change,
00:13:48 #190 instant relief, and other all-pervasive effects. The corporations who are unwilling
00:13:54 #191 to air their television commercials were companies selling beer, wine, coffee,
00:14:00 #192 aspirin-related products, cold pills, and medications for children. For the next few
00:14:07 #193 days, notice these products and notice how they are advertised. Consider what
00:14:13 #194 attitudes your children are learning.
00:14:17 #195 Obviously, diseases have been checked. Life has been extended and living
00:14:22 #196 conditions have been improved through the use of drugs.
00:14:26 #197 But the basic message of these and other advertisements
00:14:29 #198 is that the quality of life can be improved through drugs.
00:14:34 #199 It would appear that we are living in a drug conscious
00:14:36 #200 and a drug using society.
00:14:39 #201 This series, however, is not about all drugs
00:14:42 #202 and not about all people, but centers
00:14:44 #203 on the young, their interest, their fascination with drugs.
00:14:49 #204 In a drug-conscious society, whether we like it or not,
00:14:54 #205 a growing number of children are experimenting
00:14:57 #206 with a growing number of drugs at an earlier and earlier age.
00:15:40 #207 That was part of a song called White Rabbit
00:15:42 #208 by the Jefferson Airplane.
00:15:44 #209 It was very popular with the young.
00:15:46 #210 It refers repeatedly to drugs.
00:15:49 #211 Many adults are puzzled by this kind of music.
00:15:52 #212 Children are puzzled when you tell them this.
00:15:55 #213 It is simply another reflection of the growing interest
00:15:59 #214 in drugs among the young.
00:16:01 #215 Why this interest?
00:16:03 #216 There are many kinds of answers.
00:16:05 #217 We've asked experts from a variety of backgrounds.
00:16:10 #218 An in-service instructor in drug education.
00:16:13 #219 Drugs are here to stay.
00:16:14 #220 They've been here for quite a while.
00:16:16 #221 People of all age levels use them,
00:16:19 #222 be it from the very young or to the very old.
00:16:25 #223 I don't think collectively we can come up with one solution.
00:16:28 #224 A judge of the Superior Court of the City and County
00:16:31 #225 of San Francisco.
00:16:33 #226 For four years, I served as judge of the psychiatric
00:16:37 #227 department of the Superior Court out at San Francisco
00:16:39 #228 General Hospital.
00:16:40 #229 In that capacity, I had to determine
00:16:43 #230 whether or not people and young people in particular
00:16:47 #231 would be sent to the state hospital.
00:16:50 #232 And there I saw the tragic impact of drug abuse
00:16:55 #233 upon our children.
00:16:58 #234 And I said to myself that something
00:17:00 #235 ought to be done about it.
00:17:02 #236 And what can be done about it?
00:17:04 #237 Well, now let me give you a contrast, which perhaps
00:17:07 #238 might furnish an answer.
00:17:09 #239 I don't think the answer lies in criminal sanctions
00:17:13 #240 and harsh criminal sanctions.
00:17:15 #241 You see, now I preside over the criminal department
00:17:18 #242 of the Superior Court.
00:17:20 #243 And people are brought before me because they have used drugs.
00:17:24 #244 And the penalties are very severe.
00:17:26 #245 And the people are treated as criminals and not as sick people.
00:17:31 #246 But I want to make this clear that it is the law.
00:17:35 #247 And the law must be obeyed.
00:17:37 #248 And in this connection, I'd like to call attention
00:17:39 #249 to the fact that in my office are 2,000 affidavits
00:17:44 #250 filed by people in a case attacking the constitutionality
00:17:49 #251 of the marijuana statute.
00:17:52 #252 And among the 2,000 people, all of them
00:17:55 #253 said that marijuana was not harmful.
00:17:58 #254 And most of them said marijuana was not harmful
00:18:01 #255 because they themselves had used it.
00:18:04 #256 Now, I disagree with these people.
00:18:07 #257 I think that marijuana is harmful, psychologically harmful.
00:18:12 #258 And I do not believe that marijuana should be legalized.
00:18:15 #259 But what causes me a shock, if I may say so,
00:18:19 #260 is that 2,000 people in effect have indicated
00:18:24 #261 that they have violated the law.
00:18:27 #262 Now, the answer does not lie in violating the law.
00:18:31 #263 The answer lies in attempting by democratic means
00:18:35 #264 to change the law.
00:18:38 #265 Now, it may well be that the legislature,
00:18:41 #266 that sometime in the future may change the law
00:18:44 #267 and say that violations of the law for drug use
00:18:49 #268 shall not be punished by criminal sanctions.
00:18:52 #269 But until that is done, the law must be obeyed.
00:18:57 #270 I do think that the penalties are much too severe.
00:19:02 #271 I do not think, for example, that a person who uses a drug
00:19:06 #272 should be treated as the same type of criminal, that
00:19:10 #273 is the man who takes a gun and rob someone,
00:19:14 #274 or the man who kills, or the man who steals.
00:19:18 #275 The child psychiatrist. Stimulation.
00:19:21 #276 We know that some of the drugs taken
00:19:22 #277 are simply for the hallucinogenic effect.
00:19:25 #278 They can take downers or uppers or middleers.
00:19:28 #279 In any case, the need for stimulation, sensory stimulation
00:19:32 #280 is obviously manifest in their non-drug behavior.
00:19:35 #281 And this is found in the music, in the dress,
00:19:38 #282 and the clothing and the bazaar.
00:19:40 #283 It's almost as if one were sensory hungry
00:19:44 #284 and that the hunger somehow in suburbia was not met.
00:19:47 #285 And it is my very definite opinion
00:19:51 #286 that until we find modalities of stimulating
00:19:54 #287 the young mind and body within either the school setting
00:19:57 #288 or in the community where they can feel a part of something
00:20:00 #289 where something has meaning,
00:20:02 #290 where there's feedback from say adult to youth
00:20:05 #291 and youth to adult,
00:20:06 #292 that we're going to be missing the boat in any educational program.
00:20:10 #293 Where did this need for stimulation come from?
00:20:13 #294 And remember the keyword stimulation, which
00:20:16 #295 is opposite to boredom.
00:20:18 #296 And if there's any common phrase used
00:20:20 #297 as to why youngsters are taking drugs or doing
00:20:23 #298 the more bizarre or way out things,
00:20:26 #299 it is that they are bored.
00:20:28 #300 And then, amphetamine researcher.
00:20:30 #301 Well, if you're talking about the use of amphetamines
00:20:32 #302 intravenously, I think there are two drug effects which
00:20:35 #303 are important.
00:20:37 #304 Number one is the immediate effect of the drug,
00:20:40 #305 that is the flash or the rush, which
00:20:42 #306 is in many ways similar to a total body orgasm.
00:20:47 #307 And a lot of people who use amphetamines
00:20:51 #308 use them primarily for the flash or rush,
00:20:54 #309 for this very delightful feeling that one initially has.
00:20:59 #310 Secondly, there's a long range stimulative effect,
00:21:03 #311 where one feels euphoric, very confident of his abilities.
00:21:07 #312 He feels that he's able to think very quickly,
00:21:10 #313 that he's very perceptive.
00:21:12 #314 In some cases, if used over a long, creative time,
00:21:15 #315 the amphetamines become almost psychedelic in effect.
00:21:20 #316 And finally, there's the kind of lifestyle
00:21:22 #317 that one gets caught up in,
00:21:24 #318 namely the total involvement in using
00:21:27 #319 and procuring amphetamines.
00:21:29 #320 And in a sense, his life becomes very similar to the kind of life
00:21:36 #321 that a heroin addict leads, that he is totally
00:21:39 #322 consumed with the use and obtaining of drugs.
00:21:43 #323 And his friends are involved in the drug scene.
00:21:47 #324 And there's a certain excitement and challenge
00:21:48 #325 about that whole scene that is very attractive to some people.
00:21:53 #326 A minister.
00:21:54 #327 Some kids are misusing drugs because they've
00:21:56 #328 They've got a pretty distorted picture of who they are.
00:21:59 #329 They're healthy kids, they've got a lot to go,
00:22:01 #330 going for them in terms of their ability to study,
00:22:04 #331 to relate, to be free.
00:22:06 #332 But for some reason, that's not the way they see themselves.
00:22:09 #333 That may be the way the world views them,
00:22:11 #334 but that's not the way they see themselves.
00:22:13 #335 And so they continue in their drug abuse to,
00:22:16 #336 to kind of cope with a kind of unhappy world.
00:22:22 #337 I counsel a girl now, for instance,
00:22:24 #338 who every Sunday night becomes very nervous, very anxious.
00:22:28 #339 She's very uptight.
00:22:31 #340 She is trying to prepare herself
00:22:33 #341 for facing school on Monday.
00:22:35 #342 Now this girl is in the best sense of the word beautiful.
00:22:39 #343 I don't mean just physically.
00:22:40 #344 She's really great.
00:22:42 #345 She comes from a pretty solid family.
00:22:44 #346 She's got tremendous potential.
00:22:46 #347 She's open and free.
00:22:48 #348 She laughs, but she feels rejected.
00:22:51 #349 Now in some way she's trying to handle
00:22:53 #350 social kind of problem which by any objective major really does not exist
00:22:59 #351 but it's a way of coping and drugs are accomplishing a great deal in a short
00:23:03 #352 period of time. She takes barbiturates almost exclusively reds or second-all
00:23:08 #353 and it allows her just to back off from the pain of what she feels is rejection.
00:23:13 #354 So those who I think stay with it are people who are trying to cope with
00:23:21 #355 kind of a negative self-image, whether it's real or imaginary.
00:23:30 #356 I always qualify that because I don't like to generalize.
00:23:33 #357 Not all users are escapists.
00:23:35 #358 Not all of them are clamoring after a crutch of some sort.
00:23:40 #359 But some, those that act out in extreme fashion
00:23:42 #360 are people that are hurt people.
00:23:45 #361 And this is their way of kind of pulling back into a corner
00:23:47 #362 and saying, well, at least I got this thing.
00:23:49 #363 This is my bag.
00:23:50 #364 A superintendent of schools.
00:23:53 #365 The people in our district who have spent a great deal of time talking with young people
00:23:59 #366 tell me that the young people continually say that there is a breakdown of communication
00:24:04 #367 with the parents.
00:24:05 #368 That the parents either are not interested in listening or that they don't have the
00:24:10 #369 time to listen or that they don't care.
00:24:13 #370 The fact that their parents may be over involved in work or in various other activities which
00:24:19 #371 they may have. This is the sort of feedback that we get.
00:24:25 #372 We talked with two men of widely different experience. One, Dr. Steven Patel works in
00:24:31 #373 a research project in Haydashbury. The other, Don McEwn, is a director of instruction in
00:24:37 #374 a middle class school system. It is interesting how their comments reinforce each other.
00:24:42 #375 Dr. Patel, the young people that are using the drugs come from every walk of life. The
00:24:46 #376 The old stereotype that only the bad kids from bad environments and bad homes are the drug
00:24:53 #377 users just doesn't hold true anymore.
00:24:56 #378 We're quite sure now that the drug problem goes through our society from one continuum
00:25:04 #379 to the other.
00:25:05 #380 Those who are economically well off, those who are economically poor, and all those
00:25:12 #381 in between those who come from the good parts of town quote and the bad parts of town.
00:25:21 #382 Everyone there is no one that escapes it. They come from very diversified backgrounds
00:25:27 #383 from middle class families, lower class families, even a number of upper class families. Geographically
00:25:34 #384 they come from all over the United States. The peer group pressure that our young people
00:25:40 #385 are under today, the desire to be with the group, to be one of them, is certainly a very
00:25:46 #386 key factor in their turning to the use of drugs.
00:25:49 #387 I guess the only thing that they have in common is their failure to find some sort of identity
00:25:58 #388 in any previous environment that they've been in.
00:26:01 #389 They feel that they are more at home with the people who are here in the head, Ashbury,
00:26:08 #390 were using drugs and they feel that they can communicate better with others who use drugs.
00:26:14 #391 Young people in school today are being asked to perform at levels which we seriously doubted
00:26:22 #392 were possible in years before.
00:26:25 #393 So therefore we're having emotional pressures on our young people and some of them are
00:26:31 #394 turning to drugs to escape.
00:26:34 #395 are turning to drugs to turn on instead of turning off to become stimulated. They seek
00:26:40 #396 excitement and psychologically they're somewhat unstable and turn to the use of drugs to do
00:26:45 #397 this. They are often lonely, sometimes confused and often very idealistic young people who
00:26:54 #398 are trying to find some meaning in life through the hippie culture and through the use of
00:26:58 #399 drugs. Young, sensitive, bored, maladjusted, searching, or curious.
00:27:08 #400 Children are attracted to drug experimentation in a drug-oriented
00:27:13 #401 society. Ours is not the first culture to grapple with the attractiveness of
00:27:18 #402 drugs, but rarely has a culture focused this kind of attention on the issue.
00:27:23 #403 This series will look at the most basic of these issues.
00:27:27 #404 The children are choosing.
00:27:30 #405 I believe that in education, we are obligated to give these young people the knowledge so that they can make a proper decision.
00:27:39 #406 We know that the decisions that are being made by young people are made when we're not there to help them.
00:27:46 #407 So therefore we must prepare them to make these decisions.
00:27:50 #408 And if we believe in education, then we must believe in knowledge,
00:27:54 #409 and the knowledge that helps them make these decisions.