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Transcript: The Negro Soldier

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00:02:02 #1 My sign name, but I think I'm going to depart from my prepared sermon.

00:02:11 #2 While I was listening to the sergeant's solo, I kept looking up at our service flag.

00:02:17 #3 I was thinking of the men in service.

00:02:21 #4 I see some of them here this morning.

00:02:23 #5 Private Roberts, Sergeant Jackson, Lieutenant Carter, and, um...

00:02:37 #6 Private Park, first class.

00:02:39 #7 First class is right. I was over at the USO the other night and I met somebody I hadn't seen quite a long time

00:02:50 #8 The last time I saw this man

00:02:52 #9 Well, one of my members treated me to a ticket to Yankee Stadium to see Joe Lewis versus Max Maylor

00:03:00 #10 in 49 seconds

00:03:17 #11 An American fist won a victory

00:03:20 #12 But it wasn't the final victory

00:03:22 #13 No, that victory is going to take a little longer and a whole lot more American fit.

00:03:29 #14 Now those two men that were matched in the ring that night are matched again.

00:03:34 #15 This time in a far greater arena and for much greater stakes.

00:03:40 #16 Match-smelling, a paratrooper in the Nazi army.

00:03:44 #17 Men turned into machines challenging the world.

00:03:48 #18 Joe Lewis training for the fight of his life.

00:03:52 #19 This time it's a fight not between man and man,

00:03:55 #20 but between nation and nation.

00:03:58 #21 It's a fight for the real championship of the world

00:04:01 #22 to determine which way of life shall survive,

00:04:04 #23 their way or our way.

00:04:06 #24 And this time we must see to it

00:04:09 #25 that there is no return engagement.

00:04:12 #26 For the stakes this time

00:04:14 #27 are the greatest men have ever fought for.

00:04:17 #28 And what are the stakes?

00:04:19 #29 The American stakes.

00:04:21 #30 The German stakes.

00:04:27 #31 The Bible of the Nazis.

00:04:31 #32 The Gospel according to Hitler.

00:04:33 #33 I'm not going to read all of this,

00:04:37 #34 but there are one or two things in this book

00:04:39 #35 that will interest you.

00:04:41 #36 I quote,

00:04:43 #37 What is denied to us,

00:04:45 #38 the German fist must take.

00:04:47 #39 If our forefathers had made their decisions

00:04:50 #40 their decisions by the same pacifist nonsense as the present day does we would

00:04:56 #41 possess for a third of our existing territory further he says from time to

00:05:04 #42 time the illustrated papers show how a Negro has become a lawyer a teacher

00:05:10 #43 perhaps even a minister it never dawns on the degenerate middle-class America

00:05:16 #44 that this is truly a sin against all reasons,

00:05:20 #45 that it is criminal madness to train a born half-ape

00:05:24 #46 until one believes one has made a lawyer of him.

00:05:29 #47 This book was written 20 years ago.

00:05:32 #48 The plan which it foreshadowed has become a reality.

00:05:38 #49 And the Nazis now instruct their disciples

00:05:43 #50 in terms such as these.

00:05:47 #51 We must strive by any means to conquer the world.

00:05:51 #52 Any methods are permissible.

00:05:54 #53 Lie, betray, kill.

00:05:56 #54 Kill and kill again. Kill the sloths, the Russians, the Poles.

00:06:02 #55 Check. Don't stop whether you have an old man, a woman, a girl or boy. Kill.

00:06:10 #56 We want to create our great German Empire.

00:06:12 #57 we must exterminate everybody who stands against us.

00:06:16 #58 The liberty of the whole earth depends on the outcome of this contest.

00:06:24 #59 Americans have always guarded liberty.

00:06:28 #60 The sea took root in Boston.

00:06:31 #61 In that city is the Granary Burial Ground, 1660.

00:06:37 #62 Within this ground are buried the victims of the Boston massacre.

00:06:42 #63 March 5, 1770.

00:06:45 #64 The first to die in the Boston Massacre was Christmas addicts.

00:06:50 #65 This freedom caused the wise contend.

00:06:55 #66 Dear to our country shall your fame extend.

00:06:58 #67 While to the world the lettuce stone shall tell

00:07:02 #68 where Caldwell, addicts, gray and maverick fell.

00:07:06 #69 At Comfort Bridge, Sam Crans, John Ferret,

00:07:11 #70 Helped to fire the shop third round the world

00:07:14 #71 at Bunker Hill on June 17 1775

00:07:19 #72 Drunk along to Peter Salem a colored man who carried it at next evening

00:07:24 #73 Conqueror and Bunker Hill and with its shot major pit car

00:07:31 #74 And on Christmas Day 1776

00:07:34 #75 When all but the bravest hearts had lost hope

00:07:37 #76 Prince Whippel took his place alongside those who pushed on.

00:07:42 #77 In the winter of 78 at Valley Forge, George Washington wrote,

00:07:47 #78 Our soldiers have been a week without food.

00:07:50 #79 They are naked and starving.

00:07:52 #80 We cannot enough admire their unshakable patience and loyalty.

00:07:57 #81 Here Samuel Haynes, Salem poor, thousands of others,

00:08:01 #82 left their bleeding footprints in the snow.

00:08:05 #83 In this war, the people of the New World won their independence.

00:08:10 #84 They joined hands and 13 colonies became the United States.

00:08:15 #85 People of the New Republic began to feel it.

00:08:20 #86 Together they pioneered and together they made territories into states.

00:08:26 #87 By 1812, a wilderness was becoming a great nation.

00:08:31 #88 Then came war. At Lake Erie, Tyler Thompson heard Admiral Currie's immortal words.

00:08:42 #89 We have met the enemy and they are ours.

00:08:49 #90 When General Jackson said, by the eternal racial not sleep on our soil, Thomas Wilson was there.

00:08:58 #91 America began to build ships.

00:09:04 #92 Then came 1861.

00:09:06 #93 As government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth.

00:09:17 #94 With malice toward none, with charity for all.

00:09:22 #95 Then America began to rebuild.

00:09:28 #96 Hello Frank, hello Beast, I gave everything, you know what I mean.

00:09:50 #97 What's the matter Jim?

00:09:51 #98 You're quitting?

00:09:52 #99 Man, I'm going to Cuba.

00:09:53 #100 Cuba with the ninth regiment United States Calvary horses.

00:09:59 #101 Jim fought in the Spanish American war at Santiago Cuba, the ninth and

00:10:04 #102 tenth cavalry, the twenty fourth and twenty fifth infantry, added to their long record

00:10:09 #103 new medals, courage and gallant.

00:10:11 #104 I'm Jim.

00:10:13 #105 After we cleaned up in Cuba, we went on with building factories, cities,

00:10:19 #106 Everything. As for me, well, I went to Panama to help on a little job.

00:10:28 #107 A little job connecting the Atlantic and Pacific. A little job.

00:10:35 #108 He wasn't there, but his sons were, serving with the 813th Pioneer Regiment near Marseille,

00:11:13 #109 the 332nd Labor Battalion, and the 800th Pioneer Regiment near Verdun.

00:11:19 #110 Fighting with the 8th Illinois on the soire saune front.

00:11:27 #111 372nd on the plains of Montau.

00:11:32 #112 371st at Bucie Farm.

00:11:36 #113 169th in the Argonne.

00:11:44 #114 Caught on the line of fire for 191 days.

00:11:47 #115 Not a man ever kept.

00:11:49 #116 Not a foot of ground ever lost.

00:11:52 #117 The first American troops to receive the party gear,

00:11:56 #118 the 369th. And for action above and beyond the call of duty, many received honored medal.

00:12:04 #119 When they cleaned up in France, the boys came marching home. Among them was Henry Johnson,

00:12:19 #120 who with one companion, Neatham Roberts, killed four and captured 28 Germans, for which the French nation

00:12:26 #121 decorated them for exceptional bravery. And there were those among the honored at Arlington,

00:12:34 #122 Samuel Washington, Walter Waters, William Fox, John Sims,

00:12:41 #123 Young, Charles Young, Colonel, United States Army,

00:12:47 #124 and to their memory, sermons and stone and bronze,

00:12:52 #125 tributes of a grateful nation,

00:12:55 #126 to commemorate their heroism and sacrifice of all college soldiers

00:12:59 #127 who served in the various wars engaged in by the United States of America.

00:13:06 #128 That a lasting record shall be made of their unselfish devotion to duty.

00:13:11 #129 And in France, as you see formed, the French people erected a memorial to the 371st Infantry.

00:13:21 #130 This stone and the ground on which it stands are dedicated to the Negro troops

00:13:25 #131 who Fortin died here on April 21, 1918.

00:13:30 #132 23 years later, on June 15, 1941, an invading German army...

00:13:36 #133 Yes, the Nazis destroyed our monuments in France, but our monuments here stand and will always stand.

00:13:48 #134 The founder of Tuskegee Institute, Brooker T. Washington, 1856-1915,

00:13:55 #135 he lifted the veil of ignorance from his people and pointed the way to progress through education and industry.

00:14:01 #136 The late George Washington Carver honored in the chemistry of agriculture and the men and

00:14:07 #137 women building the monuments of tomorrow. Law elected judge of New York City courts serving

00:14:14 #138 his second 10 year term. Explore the only other American with Admiral Peary when our flag was

00:14:22 #139 planted on the North Pole. Medicine leading New York City surgeon father of the blues.

00:14:31 #140 books, a seer and publisher contributing to the war bond drive, education, principle of

00:14:39 #141 a New York City public school, Schomburg collection of literature, international prize winning sculpture,

00:14:49 #142 singer, all trained and educated in schools like...

00:15:16 #143 People have come to Berlin and 51 nations are represented here today.

00:15:50 #144 The six fastest spinters of the world are getting ready.

00:15:54 #145 Oh, and America.

00:15:57 #146 Wolfsmire, Germany.

00:15:59 #147 And Metcalf of America.

00:16:01 #148 This is hijab.

00:16:31 #149 Wine cuts, Germany, Tanaka, Japan.

00:16:43 #150 He drops out two.

00:16:50 #151 The car is now 2.03 meters high.

00:16:54 #152 at six feet eight inches and Johnson of America.

00:17:21 #153 The tree of liberty has borne these fruits.

00:17:26 #154 It's a mighty tree with roots deep in the ground of America.

00:17:32 #155 Its flame has spread to the four corners of the earth.

00:17:35 #156 Men of every faith, color, and tone

00:17:40 #157 have helped to nourish it and to sow its seed in new ground.

00:17:44 #158 All men stand in admiration of it.

00:17:48 #159 Except the Nazis, the fascists, and the Japanese militarists.

00:17:55 #160 The pills of the new order.

00:17:59 #161 There is not a man alive who does not know the crimes of these adventurers.

00:18:05 #162 In Europe, an army high command, thousands of innocent men, women, and children have been shot.

00:18:25 #163 The Japanese army is the savior of the colored races.

00:18:58 #164 On December the 7th, people of the world have risen in one great mass to bring to justice

00:19:48 #165 the ring leaders responsible for these crimes. An America's army in every branch of the service

00:19:55 #166 artillery, tank, quartermaster, engineer. Don't forget the infantry. Yes. My boy is in the

00:20:06 #167 infantry. He's up there. Third from the left in the bottom rule. I got a letter from him

00:20:14 #168 last night. He's an officer. Robert? Did he get to be an officer? Yes, he said so right

00:20:22 #169 here. Dear Mama, at last it's happened. I'm an officer. Lieutenant Robert A. Bronson,

00:20:33 #170 infantry. Don't it sound good? Of course I haven't got my bars yet, but I'm on my way to

00:20:41 #171 officer's candidate school for four months, and if I pass the examination and graduate and get my

00:20:47 #172 commission, I'll be an officer. Now I can do it, Mama. If I could go through those first 13 weeks

00:20:55 #173 the way I did, I can go through anything.

00:20:59 #174 That morning at the railroad depot,

00:21:02 #175 I didn't know which side was up, but misery sure loves company.

00:21:08 #176 When I said goodbye to you, I was laughing, but I wasn't tickled.

00:21:18 #177 And the first thing I heard when I stopped,

00:21:22 #178 at some place in the middle of no please.

00:21:43 #179 On behalf of the United States Army, the reception center here at this camp,

00:21:47 #180 We're glad to welcome you here today and into the United States Army.

00:21:51 #181 We're glad to see all of your happy, smiling faces.

00:21:54 #182 Now, fellas, during the few days that you'll be with us here at this camp,

00:22:00 #183 you'll be converted from a civilian into a full-fledged soldier.

00:22:04 #184 You'll be interviewed by someone who'll inquire into your past life before you came into the Army.

00:22:09 #185 It was just a machine or the construction of guns and gun parts.

00:22:13 #186 That's right.

00:22:14 #187 What machines did you operate?

00:22:16 #188 I'll raise boring mills, tool bindings, drill presses, planes, and...

00:22:22 #189 Forward!

00:22:26 #190 Hut! Hut! Hut!

00:22:28 #191 Hut! Hut!

00:22:30 #192 Nobody!

00:22:32 #193 But I don't want to give you the impression that it's only for religious services and advice that you can come to the chapter.

00:22:37 #194 You can come to them at any time.

00:22:39 #195 For example, if you get in trouble with your girlfriend, she doesn't write to you anymore,

00:22:43 #196 anymore you want to know how to propose why just come see the chaplain and he'll

00:22:47 #197 give you some advice or if you get in trouble with your first time and you want

00:22:52 #198 to know how to handle him just come around and see the chaplain and he'll give

00:22:56 #199 you some advice or if you're financially embarrassed by that simple

00:23:00 #200 truth just come around and see the chapter and he'll give you some advice.

00:23:05 #201 Captain Sherman has just told you how to get along in this man's army.

00:23:09 #202 It's my painful duty to tell you what'll happen to you if you don't get along.

00:23:14 #203 Regarding this salute, man, it isn't a form of civility.

00:23:19 #204 It's merely a form of recognition used between members of the military service.

00:23:25 #205 The average man, when he first learns the salute, is awkward.

00:23:28 #206 It's a strange gesture to him, and he feels shy.

00:23:32 #207 He usually sneaks his hand up in this manner and gives the broken-handed salute.

00:23:37 #208 All lords' eyes gently like a shy maiden and it sluts like that.

00:23:43 #209 When you salute an officer, stand erect like a soldier.

00:23:46 #210 Bring your hand up to your forehead in a military manner.

00:23:48 #211 Tip of the forefinger above the center of the right eye.

00:23:51 #212 Now make sure your thumb is alongside your hand,

00:23:54 #213 because if it's out here, they may misconstrue it.

00:23:58 #214 Then cut the hand sharpage at the side.

00:23:59 #215 Don't let it drop down like a dead fish.

00:24:01 #216 Hold it! Hold on!

00:24:03 #217 Sit down.

00:24:04 #218 Put your feet in the scene.

00:24:06 #219 One L on a ten and a half day to stand up now, pick up both weights, put the weights back, sit down, step down, put the shoes on and go in the next room.

00:24:28 #220 Thanks.

00:24:29 #221 All in!

00:24:31 #222 All right, men, strip down completely, put every piece of civilian clothing that you have into that bag.

00:24:37 #223 Now, when you're completely stripped and have everything into that bag, put on a set of summer underwear, a pair of shorts, a pair of white woolen socks.

00:24:46 #224 All right, now you try on your green herringbone for TIG hat first.

00:24:50 #225 That's the green hat with a brim eye. Try it on.

00:24:52 #226 If it fits, place it into your barracks bag.

00:24:54 #227 Now, don't mind if it's a little loose.

00:24:56 #228 But I made it. All of us made it.

00:25:00 #229 They put us through so many twists and turns,

00:25:03 #230 we didn't know whether we were coming or going.

00:25:06 #231 But Uncle Sam did. We were going.

00:25:10 #232 He put us on the train that same afternoon for the replacement center.

00:25:15 #233 Passing through trains going back and forth all over the country.

00:25:21 #234 We finally arrived at a place called military secret.

00:25:26 #235 But this much, I can tell you, it was cold.

00:25:33 #236 And even before we had a chance to throw out,

00:25:36 #237 they had us in the school of the soldier.

00:25:39 #238 The sergeant gave it to us straight.

00:25:42 #239 You sleep in that bed, you make it.

00:25:44 #240 You wear them clothes, you wash them.

00:25:46 #241 You walk on that floor, you clean it.

00:25:48 #242 There's no service here. You understand that?

00:25:51 #243 And I bet right now, Mama, I can make a bed better than you can.

00:25:55 #244 But before I had a chance to get the bed warm, there I was.

00:26:00 #245 In the beginning, the new hands were all feet.

00:26:04 #246 Right? But where? Oh!

00:26:09 #247 It's country marching.

00:26:45 #248 It was tough.

00:26:47 #249 Hiking, drilling, capy, bivouac, tent pitching, general orders.

00:26:53 #250 The tougher the day, the shorter the night.

00:26:56 #251 But you get used to it, and if you can't take it, they got doctors.

00:27:02 #252 Some of the best in the country, specialists in every field.

00:27:07 #253 And in our dental clinic, we have a wedge.

00:27:11 #254 But even so, this is one kind of drilling no soldier likes.

00:27:15 #255 But after all the making beds and peeling potatoes and drilling and marching,

00:27:20 #256 they give you a rifle and teach you to shoot it.

00:27:23 #257 In no time at all I could hit the broad side of a barn.

00:27:27 #258 It was fun. It's not all wood.

00:27:31 #259 There's football, baseball, and oh yes, ping-pong.

00:27:40 #260 If you want to read, there's a library.

00:27:44 #261 Can you imagine me listening to poetry?

00:27:47 #262 But it came in good. The very next day I got a chance to use it.

00:27:51 #263 We were sent on a detail to a nearby camp.

00:27:55 #264 I saw some soldiering that was beautiful to behold.

00:27:59 #265 But, I know Uncle Everett to quit joking about the wax.

00:28:25 #266 Because these girls have forgotten more about jeeps and trucks than he'll ever know.

00:28:31 #267 Carpola no copper.

00:28:33 #268 And the next day was Saturday night.

00:28:36 #269 She was very nice, Mama.

00:28:48 #270 A real apple pie girl.

00:28:51 #271 Just the right size and everything.

00:28:54 #272 just the time you like.

00:28:56 #273 But in the army, man proposes and G.I. disposes.

00:29:03 #274 Armored!

00:29:05 #275 And the next morning I was out there like the rest of them,

00:29:09 #276 getting tough.

00:29:18 #277 In this man's army they want you to be tough.

00:29:21 #278 And I mean tough.

00:29:27 #279 And tough in the army means a good fighter

00:29:30 #280 who can stand up against a strong enemy

00:29:32 #281 and beat him to the draw.

00:29:35 #282 And after a hard week, a soldier welcomes us Sunday.

00:29:41 #283 This morning, I have a GI report. I think you'll all be interested in.

00:30:00 #284 This is an official statement from the War Department.

00:30:04 #285 In the present world war, they are more than five times as many men,

00:30:08 #286 with high school education in our armed forces, than were in World War I.

00:30:14 #287 This has meant an increase in officer candidates.

00:30:17 #288 Official figures tell us in the present war there are three times as many colored officers as in World War I.

00:30:24 #289 From a score of different schools, many have earned their commissions and taken that place alongside those who come from any one of the hundreds of ROTC schools

00:30:33 #290 and the greatest of all military institutions, West Point.

00:30:38 #291 Next time you see me, I'll be wearing an officer's uniform, ready to get in there and get this war over with.

00:30:59 #292 That's a promise. Your loving son, Robert.

00:31:03 #293 Thank you, Mrs. Bronson.

00:31:05 #294 That's a promise millions of Americans have made.

00:31:10 #295 Thousands have put it into action.

00:31:12 #296 In every camp, men are getting their final work out.

00:31:16 #297 At Tuskegee, more pilots are earning their wings.

00:31:20 #298 In a short while, these young officers will be full-fledged combat flyers.

00:31:37 #299 Taking their place at the controls of our fighter planes.

00:31:42 #300 High above their native land they fly.

00:31:50 #301 Tomorrow, what a surprise the Nazis will get

00:31:54 #302 from black, brown, yellow and white men who are all American,

00:31:59 #303 land on the airfields of Berlin and Tokyo.

00:32:03 #304 In the far north, seasoned soldiers are toughening themselves,

00:32:08 #305 For they know that in a fight against all that is evil, truth must be ready, ready to strike hard and awful.

00:32:18 #306 No waiting for weather or temperature. Any weather can be good weather. Any temperature can be right.

00:32:26 #307 When men know the meaning of their jobs and are determined to get it done, come what may.

00:32:33 #308 And the men we knew as tailors, printers, brick players, cook, entertainers, carpenters,

00:32:45 #309 bellboys, schoolteachers, farmers, are today soldiers in a modern army, tankmen, gunners,

00:32:52 #310 radio operators, and motor mechanics.

00:32:55 #311 Every man schooled in the meaning of teamwork.

00:32:58 #312 Every man qualified to replace any of his teammates at any time.

00:33:04 #313 Every man ready to do his share.

00:33:07 #314 The engineers.

00:33:12 #315 The fighting builders.

00:33:14 #316 Ready to build bridges.

00:33:15 #317 Highways.

00:33:16 #318 Railroads.

00:33:17 #319 Port.

00:33:18 #320 Landing fields.

00:33:20 #321 The quartermaster.

00:33:22 #322 Who moves troops and supplies.

00:33:25 #323 Who provides food, fuel and clothing.

00:33:29 #324 The men who supply the means of communication.

00:33:33 #325 Telegram.

00:33:34 #326 Telephone.

00:33:35 #327 And radio.

00:33:36 #328 The cavalry.

00:33:39 #329 Ready to patrol, scout, harass.

00:33:42 #330 The tank destroyers.

00:33:51 #331 Ready for swift and decisive action.

00:33:54 #332 Hard-hitting anti-aircraft units.

00:34:06 #333 Ready to knock zeroes and meserschmits out of the skies.

00:34:09 #334 And the infantrymen.

00:34:26 #335 The backbone of the army.

00:34:34 #336 This training has met the acid test of war.

00:34:48 #337 of war across the Pacific, across the Atlantic.

00:34:53 #338 The shadow of defeat hangs over the Axis partners as the Allies liberate town after town.

00:35:01 #339 But the job isn't finished.

00:35:05 #340 This is only the beginning.

00:35:07 #341 To win the final victory over Germany and Japan, our blows must be dealt harder and

00:35:13 #342 faster and with all our strength.

00:35:17 #343 There can be no let up in the floor of supplies.

00:35:20 #344 More and more food, equipment and ammunition must reach our troops in the battle area.

00:35:27 #345 Airports and roads must be built.

00:35:44 #346 Our troops must build them through the swamps of the South Pacific, the snows of the far north,

00:35:54 #347 over the mountains of India and across the rivers of Europe.

00:36:02 #348 Build them in record time and under enemy fire.

00:36:08 #349 Build them right into the heart of Berlin and Tokyo.

00:36:15 #350 Who would defend even unto death the land of their burden.

00:37:46 #351 Soldiers who believed in this great country.

00:37:51 #352 To the enemy our country is something to destroy.

00:37:55 #353 Our homes, our right to worship God.

00:37:59 #354 our little belonging, something to crush, to shackle, to plunder.

00:38:06 #355 We thank you for this land which our fathers have helped to build.

00:38:15 #356 Grant that we may with your help be worthy of this heritage,

00:38:20 #357 and in our turn, enrich it for our children.

00:38:25 #358 So that government of the people, by the people, for the people,

00:38:31 #359 shall not perish from this earth.